He presented these crises as 8 stages of psychosocial conflicts, often known as the 8 erikson stages. Eriksons stages of psychosocial development wikipedia. Eriksons stages of development pdf download for student. Erikson s theory differed from many others because it addressed development throughout the entire lifespan, including old age. Eriksons stages of psychosocial development exploring. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair. As youll learn, erikson, piaget, and kohlberg, perhaps the three most influential developmental theorists, believed that the ages associated with the stages were. Psychosocial stages erikson s 1959 theory of psychosocial development has eight distinct stages. Erik eriksons stages of psychosocial development the. Erik erikson psychosocial stages simply psychology. Erik erikson 19021994 was a stage theorist who took freuds controversial psychosexual theory and modified it into an eight stage psychosocial theory of development. Each of the eight erikson stages is characterized by two contradictory emotional forces known as contrary dispositions, usually labeled as syntonic. Approximate age freuds stages of psychosexual development \ neriksons stages of psychosocial development infancy birth to 1 year oral stage trust versus mistrust early childhood years anal stage autonomy versus doubt preschool 36 years phallic stage. Like freud, erikson assumes that a crisis occurs at each stage of development.
Erik erikson, a german psychoanalyst heavily influenced by sigmund freud, explored three. Erik eriksons theory of psychosocial development describes 8 stages that play a role in the development of personality and psychological. Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. David l, eriksons stages of development, in learning. Much like sigmund freud, erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Depression and anxiety, for example, may make a person more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol or illicit drugs, or overeat. Each one of the eight stages that erikson described in his theory draws on the preceding stages, providing a path for the following stages. Unlike freuds theory of psychosexual stages, erikson s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood. Erikson believed that as we go through stages of development, we must negotiate aspects of ourselves, and we experience psychosocial crises how we deal with each crisis forms our personality, which in turn informs our outlook on life. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.
Psychological development, the development of human beings cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities and functioning over the course of the. Erik eriksons stages of psychosocial development verywell mind. For erikson 1963, these crises are of a psychosocial nature because they involve psychological needs of the individual i. An eight stage theory of identity and psychosocial development. Eriksons 8 stages of psychosocial development education. Erik erikson 19021994 proposed that throughout our lives, we encounter certain crises that contribute to our psychosocial development. Eriksons theory of psychosocial development identifies eight stages in which a healthy individual should pass through from birth to death.
During each of erikson s eight development stages, two conflicting ideas must be resolved successfully in order for a person to become a confident, contributing member of society. Erikson proposed that people experienced a conflict that served as a turning point in their development, like a stimulus for evolution, in each of the stages. Eriksons stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by erik erikson in collaboration with joan erikson, is a. Erikson, piaget, and kohlberg are called stage theories. These conflicts are meant to develop or not develop a certain psychological quality. If development does not go smoothly at a particular stage, the person may experience arrested development i. Erik erikson 19021994 was a stage theorist who took freuds controversial psychosexual theory and modified it into an eightstage. Erik erikson s theory of psychosocial development is one of the bestknown theories of personality in psychology.
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